"Civil Liberties and the Homophile." Dr. Wallace de Ortega Maxey, editor of the shortlived magazine, Sex and Censorship, unable to attend. due to auto accident, was replaced on the panel by Dr. Robert Hamilton, psychology professor at San Francisco State College, who gave a perceptive account of the problems facing homophiles in the teaching profession.

Attorney Wm. F. Reynard, of the Colorado A.C.L.U. Board of Directors, said that while the Civil Liberties Union takes no position on the rights of states to pass laws against certain types of activities, it is concerned to see that the individual is treated with the due process of law accorded him by constitutional guarantee. He referred to the "forgotten Ninth Amendment as the growing wedge for the maximum degree of freedom consonant with social welfare, and analyzed some of the social conditions leading to the current demands for these liberties being made by homosexuals. He discussed A.C.L.U. attitudes on various legal problems facing homosexuals.

The Hon. Robert E. Allen, majority floor leader of the Colorado House of Representatives, expressed consternation at the outmoded way in which the problem was handled by law books, legislatures and police. "We certainly don't expect the police departments to have any skill in diagnosing or treating any elements of sexual variation," he said. Referring to the phrase, "crime against nature," he said, "We don't even describe murder that way, even though most people would agree murder is bad." He boldly recommended clarifications in the law, differentiating between homosexuality and criminal behavior; recognizing consenting behavior between adults; and more

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careful definition of the indeterminate sentence laws as applied to certain classes of sexual offenses. "We've come through the greatest danger to the republic when all our international frustrations came out in McCarthyite self-devouring. Part of the price of working out of that was the desire for conformity and security," he said, and expressed his resolution to work for reformation of the law.

Fifty persons attended the annual banquet. Awards were presented in absentia to the Homosexual Law Reform Society of England, Robert Veit Sherwin author of Sex and the Statutory Law, Grove Press, for repeatedly bucking the censors with outstanding literary publications, and Berkeley FM station KPFA. Mrs. Leah Gailey, the mother who appeared on the KPFA program (text available for $1 from ONE Book Service) was made member of the year, and five officers of the Daughters of Bilitis and ONE, Inc., were awarded Honorary Memberships.

Omer C. Stewart, Ph.D., Professor of Anthropology at the University of Colorado, spoke on "Homosexuality Among American Indians and Other Aboriginal Peoples." Quoting homosexual passages from the Gilgamesh Epic, one of the oldest examples of literature, he pointed out that anthropology must trace back to "lower" mammalian behavior. He insisted on a clear distinction between widespread "berdache" customs among preliterate peoples, involving a male prostitute or kept boy, and transvestism, frequently but not necessarily found in the same cases. He described the many societies in which shamanism, frequently associated with berdache customs, was the chief route to honor, power and prestige. Tracing these customs around the world, in nearly every

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